Top 10 Indian Serial Killers

                                        Any person who has killed 2 or more people is considered a serial killer. Their motives are for the most part driven by either psychological gratification or financial gains. India is no stranger to serial killers. While most of them in the list are behind bars or dead, killers in #10 on the list continue to be on loose. Here is a compilation of the top 10 Indian serial killers.

10. Murderers who are still at large

Most of the killers in the list to come are either incarcerated or dead. There are many Indian killers who still continue to elude the law. Little is known about these killers. One of them is Maheswar Padhi, the youngest psychopathic killer of India at just 26 years old. Padhi is also known as ‘stoneman,’ who used to kill his victims by smashing their skulls with a heavy stone.

The duo of Harbhajan Singh and Baljinder Singh are wanted in at least 105 murders. They strangulated their victims until they dropped.

Bhaskar of Tamil Nadu is wanted for murder of at least 230 people.

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9. Mallika

Number of Victims: 6.

Method of Murder: Water laced with cyanide.

K. D. Kempamma alias Mallika is a 45 year old lady, who is also infamously known as Cyanide Mallika. She apparently hung around various temples in South India posing herself as a pious lady who was well versed with religious rituals. She gained confidence of many rich women and befriended them. She then suggested them of specific rituals to rid them of their bad times. She then chose her venue carefully to conduct the ritual and instructed her victims to wear all their jewellery during the ritual. During ritual she offered her victims cyanide laced water in guise of holy water. After the victims dropped dead she would decamp with their ornaments. She was arrested and charged with murders on 6 accounts. She was awarded death penalty in 2010, which was later reduced to life imprisonment in August of 2012.

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8. Chandrakant Jha

Victims Killed: 6.

Method of Murder: Strangulation with nunchaku.

Chandrakant Jha was born in Ghosai village of Bihar in 1967. He came to Delhi in 1986 and started working as a laborer in Delhi. His modus operandi was to kill his victims and dump them in front of Tihar Jail. He confessed that all his victims were his employees and he used to keep them in Hyderpur. He took care of them like his children and gave them shelter, but at times even the petty things would annoy him and punishment for such a breach of behaviour was only death. He would tie up the limbs of his victims on the pretext of punishing them. He then went on to strangle them with his nanchaku and chopping off their head and limbs. He left a lot of trails behind with his murders that led to his arrest in 2007.

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7. Darbara Singh

Number of Victims: 20.

Method of Murder: Slitting their throats.

Darbara Singh also infamously known as baby serial killer was a resident of Jallupur Khaira village of Amritsar district. He was an ex-army man. Darbara Singh had earlier been dismissed from the Indian Army for attacking his senior officer while on duty at Pathankot. He came to Jalandhar where he rented a room in Model House locality and started working in a factory. He simultaneously started making children of migrants there his victims. He used sweets, samosas and crackers to lure his victims. He would slit their throat and dump their body. On a tip off, police set a trap and successfully nabbed him in 2004. He was acquitted with over 20 cases of murder, rape and sodomy of young girls and boys. He confessed that he wanted to teach a lesson to migrant laborers because of his hatred towards them. He was sentenced to death in 2008 that was later converted to life in prison.

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6. Moninder Singh Pandher and Surendra Koli

Number of Victims: 18.

Method of Murder: Strangulation.

Moninder Singh Pandher was an industrialist who studied from 1963-73 at the Prestigious Bishop Cotton School in Shimla and graduated from St. Stephen’s College, Delhi. Surendra Koli was his servant. They are accused of together killing 18 young girls. They were arrested by the Delhi police on the suspicion of murdering a call girl named Payal. They were charged under various sections of Indian Penal Code including rape, murder, kidnapping and criminal conspiracy. The skeletal remains of young missing girls were discovered in the village of Nithari on the outskirts of Noida, Uttar Pradesh. In 2009, both Moninder Singh Pandher and his domestic help Surender Koli were found guilty of these murders and were given death penalty. The case still continues with Moninder Singh Pandher acquitted and his death sentence overturned.

5. Devendra Sharma

Number of Victims: 20+.

Method of Murder: Beating taxi drivers to their death.

Devendra Sharma was an ayurvedic doctor from Aligarh. All his victims were innocent taxi drivers. According to police, he would pose as a tourist and hire a taxi to go to Aligarh. Once reaching a specific location, he directed his accomplices to get inside the vehicle. The taxi was then taken to a secluded spot where with four of his accomplices the taxi driver was beaten mercilessly and killed. They would steal the vehicles and sell them in grey market of which he would get the lion’s share from proceeds. He was nabbed in 2004. He was sentenced to life in prison in 2007 and later in 2008 was sentenced to death.

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4. Mohan Kumar

Number of Victims: 20.

Method of Murder: Cyanide poisoning.

Mohan Kumar alias Ananda was a physical education teacher in Bantwal Taluk of Karnataka. He confessed of killing 20 young girls over a period of 5 years. His modus operandi was to lure unmarried young girls into marrying him. The next day after marriage, he would kill them by giving them cyanide stating it was an anti-pregnancy pill. After killing his victims, he would abscond with their jewelry. He never came in contact with the victim’s family and so was never a suspect. Police however tracked him down in 2009 using the mobile phone of a victim, which was still being used by him. He is presently incarcerated awaiting trial.

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3. Sadashiv Sahu

Number of Victims: 22.

Method of Murder: Shooting.

Sadashiv Sahu was a 57 year old cloth merchant in the town of Fursatganj of Uttar Pradesh. Over a period of 4 years he killed 22 men of his town. He was nabbed in 2004. All his victims were well over 45 years old. After dusk he used to hunt for unwary middle-aged men. He would shoot his victims with his gun pressed against their chest to dampen the noise. He admitted that after he committed the murder he would return home to have a peaceful sleep. He confessed of having an overpowering urge to kill a prey.

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2. Raman Raghav

Number of Victims: 40+.

Method of Murder: Attacking with blunt objects.

Raman Raghav a.k.a. Sindhi Dalwai was a homeless psychopathic killer who operated in the outskirts of Mumbai from 1966-1968. He is credited of killing more than 40 people. All his victims were homeless footpath dwellers whom he bludgeoned to death in their sleep. He was a previous charge sheeter and spent 5 years in prison for petty robberies. After a series of murders Mumbai police launched a manhunt to nab the killer. He confessed to the killings when he was brought in for questioning as a suspect. He admitted that the killings were motiveless and he was unable to differentiate that his actions were against the law. His casual approach to killing made it difficult for him to remember the exact number of his victims. He was diagnosed with chronic paranoid schizophrenia.

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1. Thug Behram

Number of Victims: 931.

Method of Murder: Strangulation by cummerbund.

Thug Behram is one of the world’s most prolific serial killer. James Patton, an officer of East India Company in his manuscript credited him with the murder of 931 victims between 1790-1840. During this timeframe, he headed a covert thuggee group. Most of his targets were travellers, whom he and his men would kill before fleeing with their possessions. He killed his victims by strangulating them with his cummerbund that had a large medallion sewn into it. In his own words, Behram was present in all the 931 executions made by his group and he personally may have strangulated 125 of them. He was eventually caught and executed in 1840 by hanging.

10 More Unsolved Mysteries of the World

10. Marlovian Theory

The Marlovian Theory, which began as early as 1895, holds that the plays traditionally attributed to William Shakespeare were actually written by Christopher Marlowe. Christopher Marlowe was an English poet and playwright of Elizabethan era. He was born in the same year as Shakespeare was born and mysteriously died early. The Marlovian Theory theorizes that Christopher Marlowe faked his death in 1593 instead of being killed by his patron. It is believed that he was facing imminent death for heresy charges and faked his death to save himself. The first licensed work from Shakespeare, “Venus and Adonis”, was issued on April 4, 1593, just a month before Marlowe’s death. William Shakespeare’s first record of being an actor only appeared on December 1594. Some believe that both seemed to have discernably similar writing style. Whatever really happened at that fateful night in 1593 may never fully be understood. Those who follow the Marlovian Theory believe it to be the only way that Christopher Marlowe could have continued to live freely and pursue his continued love of writing.

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9. Contents of the Great Library of Alexandria

Great Library of Alexandria was destroyed in a Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 B.C. Countless texts and documents were reduced to indiscernible ash. It was one of the largest library in the world and was charged with collecting all of world’s knowledge. Alexandria was an international hub for trade as well as the leading producer of papyrus and books. Alexandria had two ports for trades and books were pulled off every single ship that came into the ports. They kept the original texts and made copies to send back to their owners. Books were also donated by travellers from all over the world. The library was also a research institution and home to a host of international scholars. The library was filled with works on mathematics, astronomy, physics, natural sciences and other subjects. It is now impossible to determine the collection’s size and content with any certainty. It is considered one of humanity’s greatest losses.

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8. S.S. Ourang Medan

In June of 1947, two American vessels sailing the Strait of Malaca in Indonesian waters received a distress call from a Dutch a merchant ship, Ourang Medan. Message read, “All officers including captain are dead lying in chartroom and bridge. Possibly whole crew dead,” followed by a final transmission “I die.” One of the American ship, SS Silver Star attempted to hail the ship, but to no avail. When they boarded the ship, they found the deck littered with corpses. The entire crew was dead, including a dog aboard the ship. The bodies of the crew all showed signs of being frozen in terror at the moment of death. Their facial expressions horrified, teeth bared, eyes pointing at the sky. They had no visible signs of trauma. While trying to haul the ship to port, the ship caught on fire. The ship finally exploded and sank. This whole story could be a hoax as there is no evidence of official registration of the ship (or perhaps the ship was never registered due to the nature of its activities). Theories of illegal smuggling of nerve gas or hazardous chemical in the cargo to carbon monoxide poisoning and paranormal phenomenon have been suggested to reason the death of its crew.

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7. Egyptian Tomb in the Grand Canyon

In April of 1909 the Phoenix Gazette ran a story for two days about Egyptian artifacts supposedly found in the Grand Canyon. This story spanned several pages. According to the story, under the direction of professor S.A. Jordan, the Smithsonian Institute is now prosecuting the most thorough explorations, which will be continued until the last link in the chain has been forged. About 1480 feet below the surface, the long main passage has been delved into, to find another mammoth chamber from which radiates scores of passageways, like the spokes of a wheel. Several hundred rooms were discovered, reached by passageways running from the main passage, one of them having been explored for 854 feet and another 634 feet. They found war weapons, copper instruments sharp edged and hard as steel, indicating the high state of civilization reached by these strange people. There was also a tomb in which mummies were found is one of the largest chambers. There were several other notable artifacts that resembled Egyptian in origin. If this was true, it would support the theory of Pre-Columbian Trans-Oceanic Contact Hypotheses. Archeologists from Smithsonian in Washington, D.C. have completely denied of any such finds in 1909 on recent enquiries.

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6. Devil’s Footprints

On February 7 and 8, 1855, the people of Devonshire in England awoke to find strange footprints throughout their small town. They were surprised to discover tracks of some strange and mysterious biped animal. The foot-prints were seen in all kinds of inaccessible places – on the tops of houses and narrow walls, in gardens and courtyards enclosed by high walls and palings, rivers, through tunnel walls as well as in open fields. Foot prints closely resembled that of a donkey’s shoe, measuring 1.5 to 2.5 inches across and 8 inches in advance of each other. The creature seems to have approached the doors of several houses and then to have retreated. There has been a similar recorded sighting by Captain Sir James Clark Ross in the Kerguelen Island of South Pole in 1840. Captain reported of finding no animals and simply tracks resembling that of donkey’s. The men eventually gave up looking for the creature as it passed over a large area of rocks and the tracks were lost. Nearly 154 years later similar footprints were encountered in Woolsery, North Devon in England in March of 2009.

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5. Oh-My-God Particle

The Oh-My-God particle detected over Dugway Proving Ground, Utah in 1991 was probably a proton traveling at almost the speed of light (99.99%). It allegedly carried the same kinetic energy as a baseball traveling at 90 kmph. Most cosmic ray particles are of low energy and arise locally from solar flares. Another more energetic class of cosmic particles are thought to originate from elsewhere in the galaxy. They probably come from supernovae. Then there are extragalactic cosmic rays, which are of the Oh-My-God variety, with energy levels exceeding 1015 eV and rarely even 1020 eV are more formally known as ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. These particles travel very close to the speed of light and must have had a heck of a kick to attain such speeds. It is “proposed” that extragalactic cosmic rays are spun up in supermassive black holes. Furthermore, they estimate that nearly all extragalactic cosmic rays that reach Earth come from Centaurus A. It is unclear who or what sent these particles on course to earth.

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4. Lead Masks Case

The Lead Masks Case refers to the discovery of the bodies of two electronic technicians in Brazil in 1966. The bodies were found in a field wearing impermeable coats and lead masks (usually used to protect against radiation). Even stranger was the discovery of a small notebook beside their bodies with signs and numbers, and a letter in which was written: “16:30 be at the agreed place. 18:30 swallow capsules, after effect protect metals wait for the mask sign”. A waitress who was the last to see them alive said that one of them looked very nervous and kept glancing at his watch. There were no obvious injuries on the bodies. This area was considered to be an UFO hotspot and people reported they had seen a UFO flying over the spot around the time of their death. Autopsies failed to lend any answers. They had a water bottle and its receipt with them to return those bottles, so suicide probably was ruled out. There simply was no cause that could be found as to why these men died.

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3. Oak Island (Money Pit)

Among the 360 small islands south of Nova Scotia, Canada is Oak Island. Oak island’s history tells of an impenetrable cache of treasure located in a vault known as the Money Pit. Attempts to retrieve the bounty since 1700’s have been fruitless and many have died in their attempts to do so. The pit was first discovered in 1795 by a young man named Daniel McInnis. Above it, hanging from the limb of a large oak was an old pulley system. On excavation together with his friends he found layer of flagstones and further down a man-made shaft. Tired from their efforts, they decided to cease work. In 1803, owners of Onslow Company continued excavation. At 90 feet they found a flat stone bearing an indecipherable inscription and beneath that possibly a wooden chest. They decided to discontinue for the evening, but in the morning the whole shaft was flooded and they were forced to discontinue. From then until now the ownership of the island has changed hands many times. Over a dozen attempts to re-excavate the pit by several in search for the fabled treasure has resulted in the shafts flooding at a certain depth. Critics argue that there is no treasure and that the apparent pit is a natural phenomenon. Artifacts found during excavations include a cipher stone, a perfectly triangular stone, Christian cross, heart-shaped stone, free masonic symbols and a piece of gold chain.

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2. Out-of-Place Artifacts

Out-of-place artifacts are objects that are found in archeological sites and are predated to a time long before modern discovery of the technology used by them. Three of the following are fascinating.

Antikythera Mechanism

The Antikythera Mechanism is believed to be an ancient mechanical calculator designed to calculate astronomical positions. It was discovered in the Antikythera wreck off the Greek island of Antikythera. It has been dated to about 150-100 BC. Other machines using technology with such complexity would not appear until the 18th century. While intense research is finally answering the question of what this mechanism did, we actually have no idea how people back then were able to accomplish a technological feat so complex.

Baghdad Battery

The Baghdad Battery was discovered in the village of Khuyut Rabbou’a (near Baghdad in Iraq) in 1936. These artifacts came to wider attention in 1938 when German director of the National Museum of Iraq, found the objects in the museum’s collections. In 1940, he published a paper speculating them to be galvanic cells, perhaps used for electroplating gold onto silver objects. The artifacts consist of 5 inch tall spherical flat-bottomed terracotta jars (with 1.5 inch wide mouth). It contained a copper cylinder made of a rolled-up copper sheet, which houses a single iron rod. At the top, the iron rod is isolated from the copper by asphalt plugs and it all fit snugly inside the opening of the jar. On the 29th episode MythBusters’ (aired on March 23, 2005), Baghdad battery myth was put to the test. Ten Baghdad batteries were made and lemon juice was chosen as the electrolyte to activate the electrochemical reaction between the copper and iron. When all of the batteries were linked together in series, they produced upwards of 4 volts. The major question remains is “What were they really used for?”

Quimbaya Airplanes

Pictured above is one of about dozen golden Quimbaya airplanes found in Colombia. They were made by the Quimbaya civilization, dated around 1000 A.D. Proponents of ancient astronaut theories claim them to represent modern airplanes, and therefore to be out-of-place artifacts. These figurines measures 2 to 3 inches each. Archeologists describe them as depicting birds, lizards, amphibians and insects that were abundant in the region that have been highly stylized. In 1994, three Germans, Algund Eenboom, Peter Belting and Conrad Lubbers created simplified radio-controlled scale models of these objects that actually flew.

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1. Spontaneous Human Combustion

Spontaneous human combustion is the alleged mysterious process in which a person simply bursts into flames for no apparent reason. Further, these flames appear to be localized to the victim and seem to have a very high temperature. Flames incinerate most of the body, but leave objects in close proximity to the victims relatively unscathed. Dr. John Bentley is alleged to have died of spontaneous combustion in Pennsylvania in 1966. The spot where the body lay was burnt, but the rest of the room, was left untouched by flames. Only the bottom of his one leg remained that helped in his identification. In another case, Mrs. M. H. Reeser of Florida apparently died of spontaneous combustion in 1951. The only things remained was her skull that shrunk to the size of an orange. Crematorium specialists say they cannot duplicate the complete destruction of bones in such a short period of time. One theory is ball lightning which could produce similar results, but locations of these victims seems to elude this possibility. Does the body have chemical reactions that science has yet to discover?

Top 10 Best Kept Indian Secrets

10. A Fact That could have averted Partition

It is now widely believed that Jinnah was suffering from a life-threatening a lung disease before partition. By the time of partition, Jinnah’s condition worsened. Years later, Mountbatten stated that if he had known Jinnah was so ill, he would have stalled the decision of partition, hoping that the news of Jinnah’s death would have avert it.

9. Purulia Arms Drops Case

On the night of December 17, 1995, a Latvian aircraft (Antonov An-26 Aircraft) dropped a huge consignment of arms consisting of hundreds of AK-47 rifles and more than a million rounds of ammunition over several villages of Purulia district of West Bengal. The crew of the aircraft consisted of five Latvian citizens and one British citizen. They were arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment. Following the intervention of Russian authorities and British government, they were later pardoned and released. The chief accused was “Kim Davy,” who claimed that it was a conspiracy of the Indian government in collaboration with RAW and MI5 to overthrow the communist government of West Bengal. He alleged that Indian Government assured him of his safe return to Denmark. Some certificates submitted by CBI to Kolkata High Court remarked that those weapons were really meant for Bangladeshi Army. The real motive behind this massive arms drop still remains unknown.

8. India’s Vulnerable Secret Force

India’s secret force of Tibetans, the SFF (Special Frontier Force) was raised after the 1962 border conflict with China. It has been without parachutes for nearly two years on the suspicion that senior officers tried to take kickbacks. The SFF, sometimes also referred to as Establishment-22, has been a part of India’s external intelligence agency, R&AW, and was originally raised to play a role behind enemy lines in China in the event of a war. Parachutes are this regiment’s primary equipment in missions. Full story here.

7. South Korea’s Ayodhya Connection

India’s early contacts with Korea date back more than 2000 years. Two thousand years ago, a 16 year old princess from Ayodhya, accompanied by her brother, sailed from India for Korea. We only know her by her Korean name, Huh Wang-Ock. There she wed King Kim Suro, founder of the ancient Korean kingdom of Karack. The King himself received her upon her arrival, and later built a temple at the place where they had first met. She is said to have died at the grand old age of 189. Her story is narrated in the ancient Korean history books, “Samkuksaki” and “Samkukyusa”.Former president of South Korea Kim Dae Jung is a descendant from this royal line. Source

6. IAF Bombing of Mizoram

The March 1966 Mizo National Front uprising was a revolt against the Government of India. They aimed at establishing a sovereign state for the Mizos. On 1 March 1966, the Mizo National Front (MNF) made a declaration of independence, after launching coordinated attacks on the Government offices and security forces post in different parts of the Mizo district in Assam. Indian Air Force was called in for airstrikes to target the insurgents. This remains the only instance when Government of India used airstrikes on its own civilians. Mizo National Front kept pushing for statehood and achieved Mizoram via diplomatic negotiations in 1987. Nearly 100 insurgents were killed, 35 wounded and about 550 insurgents were captured by both ground force and air force.

5. Self-Proclaimed Experts (Ankit Fadia/ Arindam Chaudhuri)

Ankit Fadia

Rise to fame: “The Unofficial Guide to Ethical Hacking” by Ankit FadiaThis was a bunch of outdated so-called-exploits for an outdated OS. Lot of code arbitrarily pasted on pages with no comments or explanation of working. Some of them didn’t even compile.Claims: “After the Sept. 11 th attacks, cracked an encrypted email sent by the Al-Qaeda terrorist network for a classified intelligence agency.”There has been no official corroboration of this story[1].Plagiarism: Attrition.org is run by Brian Martin (a.k.a Jericho), the founder of the Open Security Foundation and a DEFCON panel member.“Ankit Fadia is like many charlatans who gets published in one article and rides the wave of not only poor journalism but also his own hype. For years, he has been quoted in low end online publications in India (his home country). Each time he is referenced as an ‘expert’ despite having no skills or accomplishments other than being quoted in these articles. No matter how bright this kid is, how much of a “prodigy” he supposedly is, he simply cannot be considered an “expert” in security. No teenager has worldly experience that would qualify them as “knowledgeable” about an industry, let alone “expert”. He certainly isn’t worth the $15,001 – $25,000 fee per speaking engagement, peddling ten year old Windows novelty tricks called “hacks”. To make matters worse, Fadia’s FUD-based statements about “computer security” and “terrorism” are simply fear mongering to increase his visibility.”Here is a Forbes magazine article that reveals the truth of Ankit Fadia.

Arindam Chaudhuri

Arindam Chaudhuri, who dares to think beyond IIMs. He claims himself a management guru and a ‘well renowned economist’ without so as much as a graduate degree. Arindam Chaudhari started his own institute of management studies (IIPM), which he claims is better than IIMs. The fact remains that his IIPM institute still remains unrecognized by any Indian educational boards. He claims to be a MBA guru, writer, speaker, thinker, and now he has also awarded himself a Ph.D.According to an article in The Hindu:“The University Grants Commission (UGC) had recently come out with a state-wise list of fake universities. The bodies include as many as seven in the national capital including Indian Institute of Planning and Management (IIPM).”

4. Ravinder Kaushik

Ravinder Kaushik was a former RAW (Research and Analysis Wing) agent, who after his training in India lived most of his life (26 years) in Pakistan and became a Major in Pakistan army. He later died there after being caught.He was born in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan on April 11, 1952. He was a famous theater artist and displayed his talent at the national level dramatic meet in Lucknow, which was witnessed by some officials of the Indian Intelligence Agency RAW. He was contacted and offered a job for being an undercover agent of India in Pakistan. He was recruited by RAW and was given extensive training in Delhi for two years. At the age of 23, he was sent to Pakistan under the name of Nabi Ahmed Shakir. He joined Pakistani Army and became a commissioned officer and later was promoted to the rank of a Major. He married a local girl Amanat, and became father of a girl. From 1979 to 1983, while in military service, he passed valuable information to RAW, which was of great help to the Indian defence forces. He was given the title of ‘Black Tiger’. In September 1983, Indian intelligence agencies had sent an agent, Inyat Masiha, to get in touch with Black Tiger. But the agent was caught by Pakistan’s intelligence agencies and revealed Ravinder Kaushik’s true identity. Kaushik was then captured, tortured for two years at an interrogation centre in Sialkot. He died in 2001 in Central Jail in Multan.

3. Operation Trojan Horse

According to a book that came out around 2005-06, “Martyrdom of Shaheed Bhagat Singh,” our knowledge concerning the death of Bhagat Singh has been heavily skewed. The alleged source of information for this book comes from notes of Dalip Singh Allahabadi, an Indian, who was the most trusted and loyal secret agent of British government. The author of the book Kulwant Singh Kooner is his adopted godson. As per the book, frustrated with the rising popularity of Bhagat Singh and to appease the family members of J P Saunders (whom Singh assassinated), “Operation Trojan Horse” was brought into effect by British government. According to the plan, Bhagat Singh and two of his associates were hung by noose as planned, but were removed before their souls parted. Their hangman was immediately killed and put in truck with unconscious bodies Singh and his associates. All four of them were transported to outskirts of Lahore. There Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were shot dead by a death squad that consisted of relatives of Saunders. This theory is given credence by the fact that Singh’s body was neither given to his family members nor had a mandatory postmortem.

2. India’s Nuclear Experiments

India’s nuclear program, from its ideation in 1989 until execution in 1998 was under multiple governments who were sworn to secrecy and only due to this secrecy that India was banned from multiple sanctions by USA, which were later lifted off due to the diplomacy of the then Foreign Minister Jaswant Singh. Despite the $27 billion budget and a galaxy of spy satellites, U.S. Intelligence agencies failed to detect India’s preparation for 1998’s nuclear blast. Why? U.S. officials blamed it on a leak to The New York Times. Senior Intelligence and military officials told NBC News that India put its nuclear testing equipment underground in 1996 following a leak to The New York Times that U.S. spy satellites were monitoring India’s nuclear test site.India has its own satellite-imaging capability, which gave us an understanding of what can and can’t be seen from space. India kept the nuclear program separate from its military, which like many militaries is prone to boasting and leaking. Unlike nuclear programs of any other country, India’s nuclear program was not as dependent on outside help. India has a large pool of trained nuclear scientists and electrical engineers and an industrial infrastructure capable of producing key equipment. Much of U.S. intelligence on other nations’ nuclear programs is derived from electronic eavesdropping on sales of equipment related to weapons development. India had prevented Western intelligence from recruiting spies in India by an aggressive program of counterintelligence that included surveillance and even attempted recruitment of diplomats and suspected agents. “They are very, very good,” said one US official.CIA officials said that the United States did not even know anything about the tests until Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee announced the tests on television Monday morning, four hours after they had taken place. The announcement even preceded analysis of the seismic data on the tests that US detected.

1. Arihant Submarine

This is the only official picture of Arihant submarine. For such a huge project this is great considering the usual standards. It is said that the Vishakapatnam docks were covered and lengthened for the Arihant project.